шаблон [общая схема, паттерн] проекта [разработки] идея применения шаблонов разработки в программировании восходит к работам Криса Александра (Chris Alexander, 1977) и впервые была реализована в языке Smalltalk-80 Смотри также: design, pattern
A description of an object-oriented design technique which names, abstracts and identifies aspects of a design structure that are useful for creating an object-oriented design. The design pattern identifies classes and instances, their roles, collaborations and responsibilities. Each design pattern focuses on a particular object-oriented design problem or issue. It describes when it applies, whether it can be applied in the presence of other design constraints, and the consequences and trade-offs of its use.