ортогональный, прямоугольный
прилагательное [математика] ортогональный, прямоугольный Например: orthogonal projection — ортогональная проекция Синоним(ы): rectangular, right-angled
adjective Etymology: Middle French, from Latin orthogonius, from Greek orthogōnios, from orth- + gōnia angle — more at -gon 1. a. intersecting or lying at right angles b. having perpendicular slopes or tangents at the point of intersection Example: orthogonal curves 2. having a sum of products or an integral that is zero or sometimes one under specified conditions: as a. of real-valued functions having the integral of the product of each pair of functions over a specific interval equal to zero b. of vectors having the scalar product equal to zero c. of a square matrix having the sum of products of corresponding elements in any two rows or any two columns equal to one if the rows or columns are the same and equal to zero otherwise; having a transpose with which the product equals the identity matrix 3. of a linear transformation having a matrix that is orthogonal; preserving length and distance 4. composed of mutually orthogonal elements Example: an orthogonal basis of a vector space 5. statistically independent • orthogonality noun • orthogonally adverb
At 90 degrees (right angles). N mutually orthogonal vectors span an N-dimensional vector space, meaning that, any vector in the space can be expressed as a linear combination of the vectors. This is true of any set of N linearly independent vectors. The term is used loosely to mean mutually independent or well separated. It is used to describe sets of primitives or capabilities that, like linearly independent vectors in geometry, span the entire "capability space" and are in some sense non-overlapping or mutually independent. For example, in logic, the set of operators "not" and "or" is described as orthogonal, but the set "nand", "or", and "not" is not (because any one of these can be expressed in terms of the others). Also used loosely to mean "irrelevant to", e.g. "This may be orthogonal to the discussion, but ...", similar to "going off at a tangent". See also orthogonal instruction set.