полупроводник, полупроводниковый
1) полупроводник 2) полупроводниковый прибор
имя существительное [физика] полупроводник Синоним(ы): quasi-conductor
полупроводник класс материалов (например, германий и кремний), находящийся по электрической проводимости между проводниками (такими как медь и серебро) и изоляторами (такими как стекло и резина). Полупроводники в чистом виде оказывают относительно высокое сопротивление току и имеют очень низкое сопротивление при наличии в них определённых примесей. Используются при производстве микросхем. Термин применяется также для обозначения электронных устройств, сделанных из полупроводниковых материалов Смотри также: conductor, dielectric, insulator, semiconductor memory
noun any of a class of solids (as germanium or silicon) whose electrical conductivity is between that of a conductor and that of an insulator in being nearly as great as that of a metal at high temperatures and nearly absent at low temperatures
A material, typically crystaline, which allows current to flow under certain circumstances. Common semiconductors are silicon, germanium, gallium arsenide. Semiconductors are used to make diodes, transistors and other basic "solid state" electronic components. As crystals of these materials are grown, they are "doped" with traces of other elements called donors or acceptors to make regions which are n- or p-type respectively for the electron model or p- or n-type under the hole model. Where n and p type regions adjoin, a junction is formed which will pass current in one direction (from p to n) but not the other, giving a diode. One model of semiconductor behaviour describes the doping elements as having either free electrons or holes dangling at the points in the crystal lattice where the doping elements replace one of the atoms of the foundation material. When external electrons are applied to n-type material (which already has free electrons present) the repulsive force of like charges causes the free electrons to migrate toward the junction, where they are attracted to the holes in the p-type material. Thus the junction conducts current. In contrast, when external electrons are applied to p-type material, the attraction of unlike charges causes the holes to migrate away from the junction and toward the source of external electrons. The junction thus becomes "depleted" of its charge carriers and is non-conducting.