In internationalisation, a collective term for Chinese, Japanese, and Korean. The characters of these languages are all partly based on Han characters (i.e., "hanzi" or "kanji"), which require 16-bit character encodings. CJK character encodings should consist minimally of Han characters plus language-specific phonetic scripts such as pinyin, bopomofo, hiragana, hangul, etc. CJKV is CJK plus Vietnamese.