сеть (протокол, стандарт, технология) Ethernet протокол канального уровня и передающая среда ЛВС с шинной архитектурой, разработанная в исследовательском центре PARC корпорации Xerox (Роберт Меткалф, 22 мая 1973 г.), а затем адаптированная DEC и Intel. Стандарты IEEE 802.3 и ISO 8802.3 регламентируют для этой сети в качестве передающей среды коаксиальный кабель, метод управления доступом CSMA/CD, скорость передачи данных 10 Мбит/с, размер пакета от 72 до 1526 байтов, а также метод кодирования данных. В одной сети Ethernet может работать до 1024 рабочих станций. Развитие этой технологии для сетей 100 Мбит/с - Fast Ethernet Смотри также: contention network, LAN
noun Etymology: from Ethernet, a trademark 1976; a computer network architecture consisting of various specified local-area network protocols, devices, and connection methods
A local area network first described by Metcalfe & Boggs of Xerox PARC in 1976. Specified by DEC, Intel and XEROX (DIX) as IEEE 802.3 and now recognised as the industry standard. Data is broken into packets and each one is transmitted using the CSMA/CD algorithm until it arrives at the destination without colliding with any other packet. The first contention slot after a transmission is reserved for an acknowledge packet. A node is either transmitting or receiving at any instant. The bandwidth is about 10 Mbit/s. Disk-Ethernet-Disk transfer rate with TCP/IP is typically 30 kilobyte per second. Version 2 specifies that collision detect of the transceiver must be activated during the inter-packet gap and that when transmission finishes, the differential transmit lines are driven to 0V (half step). It also specifies some network management functions such as reporting collisions, retries and deferrals. Ethernet cables are classified as "XbaseY", e.g. 10base5, where X is the data rate in Mbps, "base" means "baseband" (as opposed to radio frequency) and Y is the category of cabling. The original cable was 10base5 ("full spec"), others are 10base2 ("thinnet") and 10baseT ("twisted pair") which is now (1998) very common. 100baseT ("Fast Ethernet") is also increasingly common.