[вычислительная техника] грамматика
1) лингвистический термин грамматика 2) основы, основные принципы, азы
грамматика а) формальное описание языка программирования Смотри также: syntax б) ветвь лингвистики, изучающая морфологию (morphology) и синтаксис (syntax) языка Смотри также: linguistics
имя существительное 1) грамматика 2) грамматическая система языка Например: He doesn't have mastery of the basic rules of grammar. — Он не знает основных правил грамматики. 3) грамматические навыки Например: His vocabulary was sound and his grammar excellent. — У него был большой словарный запас и блестящее знание грамматики. 4) учебник по грамматике Например: an advanced English grammar — грамматика английского языка для совершенствующихся Синоним(ы): grammar book 5) основы, основные принципы, основные правила (в какой-либо отрасли науки или искусства) Например: He might have studied the pure grammar of his art for a longer time. — Он, наверно, гораздо дольше изучал основы своего искусства. The grammar of the film was established. — Были определены основные принципы фильма. Grammar
имя существительное лингвистический термин грамматика (отдел языкознания, занимающийся изучением структуры языка, его форм и законов их изменений и выработкой правил употребления языка)
noun Etymology: Middle English gramere, from Anglo-French gramaire, modification of Latin grammatica, from Greek grammatikē, from feminine of grammatikos of letters, from grammat-, gramma — more at gram 1. a. the study of the classes of words, their inflections, and their functions and relations in the sentence b. a study of what is to be preferred and what avoided in inflection and syntax 2. a. the characteristic system of inflections and syntax of a language b. a system of rules that defines the grammatical structure of a language 3. a. a grammar textbook b. speech or writing evaluated according to its conformity to grammatical rules 4. the principles or rules of an art, science, or technique Example: a grammar of the theater; also a set of such principles or rules • grammarian noun
A formal definition of the syntactic structure (the syntax) of a language. A grammar is normally represented as a set of production rules which specify the order of constituents and their sub-constituents in a sentence (a well-formed string in the language). Each rule has a left-hand side symbol naming a syntactic category (e.g. "noun-phrase" for a natural language grammar) and a right-hand side which is a sequence of zero or more symbols. Each symbol may be either a terminal symbol or a non-terminal symbol. A terminal symbol corresponds to one "lexeme" - a part of the sentence with no internal syntactic structure (e.g. an identifier or an operator in a computer language). A non-terminal symbol is the left-hand side of some rule. One rule is normally designated as the top-level rule which gives the structure for a whole sentence. A parser (a kind of recogniser) uses a grammar to parse a sentence, assigning a terminal syntactic category to each input token and a non-terminal category to each appropriate group of tokens, up to the level of the whole sentence. Parsing is usually preceded by lexical analysis. The opposite, generation, starts from the top-level rule and chooses one alternative production wherever there is a choice. In computing, a formal grammar, e.g. in BNF, can be used to parse a linear input stream, such as the source code of a program, into a data structure that expresses the (or a) meaning of the input in a form that is easier for the computer to work with. A compiler compiler like yacc might be used to convert a grammar into code for the parser of a compiler. A grammar might also be used by a transducer, a translator or a syntax directed editor. See also attribute grammar.